Vehicles using E16S engine list:

Engine E16S

Symptoms:
- Rough idling and stalling
- Poor fuel economy and reduced power
- Engine overheating
- Hard starting, especially in cold conditions
- Excessive exhaust smoke

Diagnosis:
- Check for vacuum leaks causing rough idle and stalling
- Inspect ignition components (spark plugs, wires, distributor cap) for wear or damage
- Test coolant system for leaks or blockages leading to overheating
- Examine fuel delivery system including fuel filter and carburetor/injectors for clogs or malfunction
- Look for signs of worn piston rings or valve seals if excessive smoke is present

Fixes:
- Replace cracked or brittle vacuum hoses and gaskets to eliminate leaks
- Service ignition system by replacing spark plugs, wires, and distributor parts as needed
- Flush and refill coolant; repair any leaks in radiator, hoses, or water pump
- Clean or rebuild carburetor or fuel injectors; replace fuel filter regularly
- Perform a compression test; if low, consider piston ring or valve seal replacement
- Adjust timing and idle settings to manufacturer specifications

Prevention:
- Follow regular maintenance schedule including timely oil changes and coolant flushes
- Use quality fuel and replace fuel filter every 12,000 miles or as recommended
- Inspect ignition system components annually and replace worn parts
- Monitor engine temperature gauge to avoid overheating
- Address minor issues promptly to prevent escalation into major engine damage

By maintaining these practices, the E16S engine in Nissan Sunny 1.6 and AWD models from 1987–1989 can remain reliable and efficient.